摘要 :
A case study is expected to capture the complexity of a single case, which should be a functioning unit, be investigated in its natural context with a multitude of methods, and be contemporary. A case study and, normally, history ...
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A case study is expected to capture the complexity of a single case, which should be a functioning unit, be investigated in its natural context with a multitude of methods, and be contemporary. A case study and, normally, history focus on one case, but simultaneously take account of the context, and so encompass many variables and qualities. When a physical artefact is the case the gap between case study and history tends to diminish and case studies often become more or less historical case studies. Case study methodology also bridges the gap between quantitative and qualitative methods in the social sciences. Still the different concepts of validation in quantitative and qualitative research sometimes create confusion when they are combined, as they often are in case studies.
The case might be studied with an intrinsic interest in the case as such, or with an interest in generalising. When a generalisation is based on the deductive principle, the procedure of testing hypothesis is used. A second mode of generalisation is inductive theory-generation, or conceptualisation. The third mode depends on the principle of abduction. Abduction is the process of facing an unexpected fact, applying some rule and, as a result, positing a case that may be. But there are two kinds of abduction: One is when a case is created from a few facts; for instance, historical data or clues. The other is operative when generalisations are made from known cases and applied to an actual problem situation by making appropriate comparisons. This is also called naturalistic generalisation. In a case study, the different modes of generalisation are often combined.
The conclusion is that case studies has the potential for further development through the mastery of the combination on different levels of techniques, methodologies, strategies, or theories, like; the combination of case study and history, which is important when the case is an artefact; the combination of differing quality standards in qualitative and quantitative research, which are difficult to codify; and the combination of different modes of generalisation.
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摘要 :
To provide evidence-based strategies for ensuring rigor of case studies, the authors examine what rigor types authors report and how they report them by content analyzing all case studies published 1995-2000 in 10 management journ...
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To provide evidence-based strategies for ensuring rigor of case studies, the authors examine what rigor types authors report and how they report them by content analyzing all case studies published 1995-2000 in 10 management journals. Comparing practices in articles addressing rigor extensively and less extensively, the authors reveal three strategies for insuring rigor. First, very few case study authors explicitly label the rigor criteria in terms of the concepts commonly used in the positivist tradition (construct, internal, and external validity, as well as reliability). Despite this, papers addressing rigor extensively do report concrete research actions taken to ensure methodological rigor. Second, papers addressing rigor extensively prioritized rigor types: more, and more detailed, strategies were reported for ensuring internal and construct validity than for external validity. Third, emergent strategies used in the field were reported, such as setbacks and serendipities, that necessitated changes to the originally planned research procedures. Authors focus squarely on the concrete research actions taken, carefully relaying them to the reader so that the reader may appreciate the logic and purpose of trade-off decisions in the context of the specific case study.
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This article investigates the methodological sophistication of case studies as a tool for generating and testing theory by analyzing case studies published during the period 1995-2000 in 10 influential management journals. We find...
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This article investigates the methodological sophistication of case studies as a tool for generating and testing theory by analyzing case studies published during the period 1995-2000 in 10 influential management journals. We find that case studies emphasized external validity at the expense of the two more fundamental quality measures, internal and construct validity. Comparing case studies published in the three highest-ranking journals with the other seven, we reveal strategies that may be useful for authors wishing to conduct methodologically rigorous case study research.
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Writing studies uses the case study at its primary method and methodology. This article offers a theoretical grounding about case study research and especially internet case study research. It argues that boundaries and spheres of...
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Writing studies uses the case study at its primary method and methodology. This article offers a theoretical grounding about case study research and especially internet case study research. It argues that boundaries and spheres of influences are crucial to constructing an effective case study. It advocates for avoiding overstatement and overload when constructing internet case studies. It then discusses the ethics of case studies, focusing on searchability. It concludes by discussing the value of case studies in general.
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This article argues that superior executives often use case method teaching techniques as part of their management toolkit. It begins with a real life description ("Vern in Action") of a successful executive leading his subordinat...
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This article argues that superior executives often use case method teaching techniques as part of their management toolkit. It begins with a real life description ("Vern in Action") of a successful executive leading his subordinates on an important strategic issue. Some of the techniques which he deliberately uses with his subordinates are identified as those used by great case method teachers in their classrooms. The article even suggests that the case method can be a useful template for consulting via a "live case." Why case method techniques make for superior management provides insight on why case method teaching often leads to more effective learning in the classroom.
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